Percepce obličeje v raném období
Abstrakt
Novorozenci preferují obličeje nebo jejich schémata před jinými objekty. Většinou se pro identifikaci obličeje předpokládá vrozené, tzv. tříbodové schéma. Rozvoj percepce je velmi rychlý, což se projeví tím, že dítě reaguje pozitivněji na známé tváře a především na tvář matky. Pro popis vývoje rozpoznávání obličeje existuje několik modelů. Za základní aspekt vývoje kognitivních procesů malého dítěte lze považovat kategorizaci. Např. rozlišování pohlaví není dáno jednoduše či vrozeně, ale vzniká postupně a diferencovaně: dítě se naučí rozpoznávat matčin obličej jako prototyp ženského obličeje a teprve od kategorie ženského obličeje odlišuje kategorii mužského obličeje. Podobně se utváří i schopnost rozlišovat příslušníky jiných populací (tzv. efekt jiné rasy) a další atributy obličeje (atraktivita, mimické projevy apod.).
Klíčová slova
raná ontogeneze, percepce obličejeLiteratura
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