Zármutok u matiek po strate dieťaťa v súvislosti s časom od straty, typom straty a ďalším rodičovstvom

Lucia Martinčeková

Abstrakt

Strata dieťaťa je najzraňujúcejšou skúsenosťou, akú môže matka zažiť. Cieľom práce bola analýza faktorov súvisiacich s prežívaním zármutku u matiek po strate dieťaťa: času od straty, typu straty a ďalšieho rodičovstva. Údaje boli analyzované kombináciou kvantitatívneho a kvalitatívneho prístupu. 60 matiek po strate dieťaťa (M = 40,0; SD = 9,87) vyplnilo Texaský revidovaný inventár zármutku a dotazník demografických charakteristík. S 12-timi matkami po strate dieťaťa vo veku od 28 do 55 rokov bol realizovaný pološtruktúrovaný rozhovor zameraný na hlbšie porozumenie faktorov súvisiacich s prežívaným zármutkom. Údaje boli analyzované konsenzuálnym kvalitatívnym výskumom. U matiek po viac ako troch rokoch od straty je zármutok nižší. Neboli zistené rozdiely v zármutku medzi očakávanou a náhlou stratou dieťaťa. Matky s očakávanou stratou dieťaťa hodnotili náhlu stratu dieťaťa ako náročnejšiu a naopak. Zármutok u matiek, ktoré stratili jediné dieťa, je vyšší ako u matiek, ktoré mali v čase straty ďalšie dieťa. Matky, ktoré nemali ďalšie dieťa nachádzali zmysel života v starostlivosti o druhých.

Klíčová slova

zármutek, ztráta dítěte, náhlá ztráta, očekávaná ztráta, rodičovství

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